Ancient Rome and Christianity 509BC-476AD

The one who is sent off to convey a message. Apostle. In history, an apostle is typically a follower of Jesus sent to spread his teachings.

A philosopher and theologian, one of the most important Fathers of the Latin Church. Augustine. He was a key figure in shaping early Christian thought and Western philosophy.

A statesman and military leader who became the first emperor of the Roman Empire. Augustus. Augustus was the founder of the Roman Empire, ruling from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.

An ordained, consecrated, or appointed member of the Christian clergy. Bishop. In history, a bishop is a high-ranking church leader responsible for overseeing multiple congregations and guiding spiritual and administrative affairs.

A procedure of systematically acquiring information about the members of a given population. Census. In history, a census is a count of people living in a region, used to gather information for government purposes.

A formal leaders within established religions. clergy. In History, clergy are the religious officials, like priests, rabbis, or imams, who lead worship and perform religious rites.

A general and Roman emperor who made Byzantium the capital of the Roman Empire, Constantine. Constantine is known for founding the city of Constantinople and making Christianity a major religion in the Roman Empire.

The ancient city of Byzantium which became the capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine. Constantinople. Constantinople is the historic city that was the capital of the Byzantine Empire and later the Ottoman Empire, now known as Istanbul.

The title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic. Consul. A consul was a top official in ancient Rome, leading the government and military.

A political leader who possesses absolute power. Dictator. In History, a dictator is someone who controls a country without any checks or balances, often ruling with an iron fist.

A Roman emperor known for ending the period known as the Crisis of the Third Century. Diocletian. Diocletian was a Roman leader who stabilized the empire by implementing reforms and dividing it for better governance.

The use of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items. Engineering. Throughout history, engineering has been about solving practical problems to improve human life.

A civilization of ancient Italy. Etruscans. The Etruscans were an influential and advanced society in ancient Italy before the rise of the Roman Empire.

A Roman Popularis politician and tribune, brother of the reformer Tiberius Gracchus. Gaius Gracchus was a significant political figure in ancient Rome who pushed for reforms to help the poor.

Roman Emperor 117 - 138 AD, best known for building Hadrian's Wall. Hadrian. Hadrian was a Roman leader famous for fortifying the empire's borders.

An ideas that are different from what the religion teaches. Heresy. In history, heresy is when someone holds beliefs that go against the accepted teachings of a religion, often leading to punishment or persecution.

A nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe. Huns. They were a group of warrior nomads who invaded and settled in parts of Europe during the 4th and 5th centuries.

A policy or ideology of extending a country's rule over foreign nations. Imperialism. It is when a country tries to control other lands politically and economically.

A sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services. Inflation. In simple terms, inflation is when prices go up over time, meaning money doesn't buy as much as it used to.

A statesman and military general who played a critical role in the rise of the Roman Empire. Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar was a Roman leader who expanded the empire and became its dictator before being assassinated.

A great landed estates specializing in agriculture destined for export. Latifundia. In history, latifundia were large estates in ancient Rome where enslaved or low-paid workers produced crops for export.

A large military unit of the Roman army. Legion. In Roman history, a legion was a group of soldiers, often numbering around 5,000, that formed the backbone of the Roman military.

A person who died or was killed because of their faith. martyr. In history, a martyr is someone who suffers death for adhering to their religious or moral beliefs.

An individual who takes part in military conflict for personal profit. Mercenary. In history, a mercenary is a soldier who is hired to fight for money rather than loyalty to a country.

A saviour or liberator of a group of people. Messiah. In history, a messiah is often seen as a divine or prophetic figure expected to bring salvation or freedom to a community.

An artistic picture or design made out of pieces of stone or glass assembled together. Mosaic. Mosaic is an art form used since ancient times to create detailed images, often seen in Roman and Byzantine architecture.

A high-ranking bishop in certain Orthodox and Catholic churches. Patriarch. In history, a patriarch is a senior religious leader who oversees large regions and communities in Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and some Catholic churches.

A group of ruling class families in ancient Rome. Patricians were the elite class in Roman society with significant power and influence.

An apostle who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. Paul. Paul was a key figure in spreading Christianity in the Roman Empire.

The general body of free Roman citizens known as commoners plebeians. In ancient Rome, plebeians were the common people who had fewer privileges than the patricians.

The head of the Catholic Church. pope. The pope is the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church and the Bishop of Rome, historically significant as a spiritual and political figure.

A Greek mathematician, astronomer, geographer, and astrologer. Ptolemy. Ptolemy was an ancient scholar known for his influential work in astronomy and geography, famously compiling the geocentric model of the universe.

A form of government in which the country is considered a public matter. Republic. In a republic, leaders are elected by the people to represent their interests and make decisions on their behalf.

A form in art or writing which ridicules either a person, government, or an institution. Satire is a way of using humor or exaggeration to criticize historical figures or events.

A tribune of the plebs who sponsored several reforms of agrarian legislation. Tiberius Gracchus. Tiberius Gracchus was a Roman politician who tried to redistribute land to the poor in ancient Rome.

The title of various elected officials in ancient Rome tribune. A tribune was an official elected to protect the rights of ordinary citizens in ancient Rome.

The power to unilaterally stop an official action. Veto. In history, a veto is when a leader has the authority to reject decisions or proposals made by a law-making body.

An ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. Virgil. Virgil was a famous poet known for writing the epic "The Aeneid."