New Global Patterns 1800-1915
History

A union of sovereign groups or states, united for purposes of common action
Confederation
A union of sovereign groups or states, united for purposes of common action confederation. A confederation is a group of states or nations that join together for common goals while maintaining their independence.

The pledge of a person's services as security for a debt or other obligation
Debt peonage
The pledge of a person's services as security for a debt or other obligation. Debt peonage. In history, debt peonage was a system where workers were trapped into labor to repay loans, often leading to exploitation.

The policy of supporting the expression of the culture of a single ethnic group
Homogeneous society
The policy of supporting the expression of the culture of a single ethnic group. Homogeneous society. A homogeneous society is one where most of the people share the same ethnicity, language, or cultural traditions.

A period of liberal reforms in the history of Mexico beginning in 1855
La Reforma
A period of liberal reforms in the history of Mexico beginning in 1855. La Reforma. La Reforma was a series of changes aimed at reducing the power of the church and military while promoting individual rights and freedoms.

An event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan
Meiji Restoration
An event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan. Meiji Restoration. The Meiji Restoration was a period in Japanese history when the emperor's power was restored, leading to major political, economic, and social changes as Japan modernized rapidly.

A United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas
Monroe Doctrine
A United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas. Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine is a U.S. policy that warned European countries against establishing new colonies or interfering in the Americas.

An artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic with the Pacific Ocean, opened in 1914
Panama Canal
An artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic with the Pacific Ocean, opened in 1914. Panama Canal. The Panama Canal is a man-made shortcut for ships between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

A settlement used to hold prisoners and use them for working in a remote location
Penal colony
A settlement used to hold prisoners and use them for working in a remote location. A penal colony is a place where prisoners are sent to live and work as a form of punishment, often far from their home country.

A political ideology that focuses on the interests of a particular region
Regionalism
A political ideology that focuses on the interests of a particular region. Regionalism. In history, regionalism is when different areas within a country prioritize their own local interests and culture over national concerns.

Fought between the Russian Empire and Japan over interests in Manchuria and Korea
Russo-Japanese War
Fought between the Russian Empire and Japan over interests in Manchuria and Korea. Russo-Japanese War. This conflict was a major early 20th-century war where Japan defeated Russia, altering the balance of power in East Asia.

An armed conflict between Spain and the US over Cuba
Spanish-American War
An armed conflict between Spain and the US over Cuba. Spanish-American War. The Spanish-American War was a brief conflict in 1898 where the United States defeated Spain, leading to the independence of Cuba and US control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

An industrial and financial vertically integrated business conglomerates in the Japan
Zaibatsu
An industrial and financial vertically integrated business conglomerates in the Japan. zaibatsu. Zaibatsu were powerful family-run business groups that played a significant role in Japan's economy and industrialization from the Meiji era until the end of World War II.