Foundations of Civilization Prehistory-300BC
History

A sovereign microstate that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories
City-state
A sovereign microstate that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories. City-state. In history, a city-state is an independent city that governs itself and the land around it, like ancient Athens or Sparta.

The spread of cultural items, like ideas, religions, technologies, between individuals
Cultural diffusion
The spread of cultural items, like ideas, religions, technologies, between individuals. Cultural diffusion. In history, cultural diffusion is how different societies exchange and adopt new ideas and practices from each other.

A change in wild animals or plants, when they are kept by humans for a long time
Domestication
A change in wild animals or plants, when they are kept by humans for a long time. Domestication. Domestication is when humans tame and cultivate wild species for their own use, like farming and companionship.

An US paleoanthropologist known for discovering the fossil of a female australopithecine
Donald Johanson
An US paleoanthropologist known for discovering the fossil of a female australopithecine, Donald Johanson. Donald Johanson is a renowned scientist who discovered "Lucy," an important fossil that helped us understand human evolution.

The wide-scale transition of many human cultures lifestyle from a hunting to agriculture
Neolithic Revolution
The wide-scale transition of many human cultures lifestyle from a hunting to agriculture. Neolithic Revolution. The Neolithic Revolution was when humans started farming and forming settled communities instead of hunting and gathering.

The final division of the Stone Age, when the first developments of farming appeared
New Stone Age
The final division of the Stone Age, when the first developments of farming appeared. New Stone Age. The New Stone Age, or Neolithic Era, marked the transition from hunting and gathering to farming and settling in permanent communities.

A situation in which the quantity of a good supplied is more than the quantity demanded
Surplus
A situation in which the quantity of a good supplied is more than the quantity demanded. Surplus. In history, surplus allowed early civilizations to trade excess goods, leading to economic growth and development.

A system in which traditions, customs and beliefs shape the economy
Traditional economy
A system in which traditions, customs and beliefs shape the economy. Traditional economy. In history, a traditional economy is a system where people's work and role in society are determined by their customs, like farming or crafting passed down through generations.