Global Age, Europe Africa, Asia 1415-1795

A Portuguese general, a great conqueror, a statesman and an empire builder. Afonso de Albuquerque. He was a key figure in establishing Portuguese colonial rule in the Indian Ocean during the early 16th century.

A ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo from 1509 to 15421543. Afonso I. Afonso I was a king who played a crucial role in establishing relations between Kongo and Portugal during the early 16th century.

An Akan empire and kingdom in territory of modern-day Ghana. Asante kingdom. The Asante Kingdom was a powerful and wealthy African empire known for its rich culture and history.

The descendants of the proto-Afrikaans-speaking settlers in Southern Africa. Boers. Boers were Dutch settlers in South Africa who primarily engaged in farming during the colonial period.

The first permanent European settlement in South Africa. Cape Town. Cape Town is a city that began as a Dutch supply station in the 17th century.

A person who deals with the art, science and technology of making and using maps is called a cartographer. In history, cartographers played a crucial role by creating maps that helped explorers navigate and understand the world.

An Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic. Christopher Columbus was the explorer who accidentally discovered the Americas in 1492 while seeking a new route to Asia.

The complete navigation around an entire island or continent. Circumnavigation is the act of sailing all the way around a landmass, famously achieved by explorers like Ferdinand Magellan's expedition around the Earth.

A megacorporation founded by several rival Dutch trading companies. Dutch East India Company. The Dutch East India Company was a powerful trading company established in the 1600s that played a major role in global trade and colonization.

A Portuguese explorer and the first to sail around the world. Ferdinand Magellan. He led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe.

A former state of the Portuguese Empire, located on the southwestern coast of India. Goa. Goa was a Portuguese colony for over 450 years and is known for its unique blend of Indian and Portuguese cultures.

A city in southern China, which was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road. Guangzhou. Guangzhou is a historic trade hub in China that connected the country to global maritime trade routes.

A geopolitical border, often agreed upon as part of an armistice or ceasefire. Line of Demarcation. In history, the Line of Demarcation divided newly discovered lands between Portugal and Spain, established by the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.

A British statesman, colonial administrator and diplomat. Lord Macartney. He led the first British diplomatic mission to China in 1793.

A former colony of the Portuguese Empire located on the southern coast of China. Macao. It is a Special Administrative Region known for its blend of Portuguese and Chinese cultures.

A state in Malaysia, which was a well-known international trade center in the East. Malacca. Historically, Malacca was a crucial port for spice trade between East and West.

A town in Kenya, which was the centre of Portuguese activity in eastern Africa. Malindi. Malindi is a historic port town that served as a key base for Portuguese explorers in eastern Africa during the Age of Exploration.

An ethnic minority in China who established and ruled Jin and Qing dynasty. Manchus. They are a group of people who created and governed the Qing Dynasty, which was China's last imperial dynasty.

An Italian Jesuit priest and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China missions. Matteo Ricci. He was a pioneer in cultural exchange between Europe and China in the 16th century.

A member of a religious group sent into an area to promote their faith is called a missionary. Historically, missionaries traveled to different regions to spread their religion and often influenced local cultures.

An ethnic groups indigenous to the Maluku Islands, Indonesia. Moluccas. The Moluccas, also known as the Spice Islands, were historically significant for their valuable spices, like cloves and nutmeg, which attracted European explorers.

A city in Kenya, because of its situation on the Indian Ocean, it was a historical trading center. Mombasa. Mombasa is a coastal city in Kenya that has been a crucial hub for trade and cultural exchange across the Indian Ocean for centuries.

When a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity monopoly. In history, a monopoly is when one company or person controls the market for a product or service, limiting competition.

An empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Mughal empire. The Mughal Empire was a powerful empire in India known for its rich culture, architecture, and advancements during the early modern period.

A city in Japan which was the sole port used for trade with the Portuguese and Dutch. Nagasaki. Nagasaki is a historic Japanese city known for being the only port open to foreign trade with the Portuguese and Dutch during Japan's isolation period.

One of the founders of the Ashanti Empire. Osei Tutu. He was a king who united various Akan clans to establish the powerful Ashanti Empire in West Africa in the late 17th century.

A detachment of troops stationed at a distance positioned to stand guard against surprise attacks. Outpost. An outpost is a small military camp or position set up to watch for enemy movements or provide early warning of an attack.

The largest Yoruba state, the most politically important in entirety of the of Western Africa. Oyo Empire. The Oyo Empire was a powerful and influential Yoruba state in present-day Nigeria, known for its political and military strength in the region during its peak.

An archipelagic country in Southeast Asia that was part of the Spanish Empire for 300 years. The Philippines is a Southeast Asian nation that was colonized by Spain for over three centuries.

A large-scale estate meant for farming that specializes in cash crops. Plantation. Plantations were large farms that relied on enslaved labor to produce crops like cotton, tobacco, and sugar, especially during the colonial period.

A central figure in the 15th century European maritime discoveries and expansion, Prince Henry. Prince Henry, also known as Henry the Navigator, was a Portuguese prince who sponsored explorations along the African coast, helping to start the Age of Discovery.

The sixth Emperor of the Qing dynasty 1735 - 1796. Qianlong. Qianlong was a powerful and long-reigning Chinese emperor who expanded China's territory and promoted culture.

The last imperial dynasty of China, the fifth largest empire in world history. Qing. The Qing Dynasty was the final ruling dynasty in China, lasting from 1644 to 1912, known for its extensive empire and cultural influence.

A professional Indian infantryman in the armies of the Mughal Empire. Sepoy. A sepoy was an Indian soldier serving under British or other European orders in the 18th and 19th centuries.

The supreme lawmaking authority. Sovereign. In History, sovereign refers to the ultimate power or authority a state or ruler holds to govern themselves without interference.

A treaty between Portugal and Spain in which they divided up all the land in the Americas. Treaty of Tordesillas. It was an agreement in 1494 dividing newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain.

A Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea, Vasco da Gama. He opened a direct maritime route from Europe to Asia.