Life in the Industrial Age 1800-1915
History

An organization based on agreement among enterprises with conflicting interests
Cartel
An organization based on agreement among enterprises with conflicting interests. Cartel. In history, a cartel is a group of competing businesses that collaborate to control prices and limit competition within an industry.

An English naturalist and biologist, best known for his work on the theory of evolution
Charles Darwin
An English naturalist and biologist, best known for his work on the theory of evolution. Charles Darwin. He is the scientist who introduced the idea that species change over time through natural selection.

A belief among the upper and middle classes that women should stay at home
Cult of domesticity
A belief among the upper and middle classes that women should stay at home. Cult of domesticity. The cult of domesticity was a 19th-century ideology that emphasized the role of women as homemakers, focusing on domestic duties and moral guidance within the household.

A suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and pioneer of women's rights movement
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
A suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and pioneer of women's rights movement. Elizabeth Cady Stanton. She was a leading figure in the early fight for women's suffrage in the United States.

An art movement characterized by small, visible brush strokes, open composition and bright colours
Impressionism
An art movement characterized by small, visible brush strokes, open composition, and bright colors. Impressionism. It is a 19th-century art movement where artists painted scenes using vibrant light and colors to capture everyday moments.

A concept of creating identical parts to be mass produced and easily replaced with other
Interchangeable parts
A concept of creating identical parts to be mass produced and easily replaced with other interchangeable parts. In history, interchangeable parts revolutionized manufacturing by allowing items to be quickly and efficiently repaired or assembled with standardized components.

A French microbiologist and chemist known for developing vaccination, fermentation and pasteurization
Louis Pasteur
A French microbiologist and chemist known for developing vaccination, fermentation and pasteurization. Louis Pasteur. He was a pioneer in discovering ways to prevent diseases and spoilage, changing how we understand and manage microbes.

An English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry
Michael Faraday
An English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. Michael Faraday. He is a pioneer known for his groundbreaking work in understanding electricity and magnetism.

A voluntary reciprocal exchange of resources and services for mutual benefit
Mutual-aid society
A voluntary reciprocal exchange of resources and services for mutual benefit. Mutual-aid society. Historically, a mutual-aid society is a group where members help each other, especially in times of need, by pooling resources and services.

Aviation pioneers credited with inventing, building and flying the world's first airplane
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Aviation pioneers credited with inventing, building and flying the world's first airplane. Orville and Wilbur Wright were brothers who made history by achieving the first powered, controlled flight in 1903.

The general attempt to depict subjects truthfully in different forms of the arts
Realism
The general attempt to depict subjects truthfully in different forms of the arts. Realism. In history, realism refers to a movement aiming to portray everyday life and people as they truly are, without idealization.

A movement characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism
Romanticism
A movement characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism. Romanticism. It was an artistic and cultural movement in the late 18th to mid-19th century that celebrated nature, emotion, and imagination over reason.

A movement that applied Christian ethics to social problems, like child labor
Social Gospel Movement
A movement that applied Christian ethics to social problems, like child labor. Social Gospel Movement. It was a religious movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that aimed to improve society by addressing social issues through Christian principles.

Born Isabella Baumfree, an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist
Sojourner Truth
Born Isabella Baumfree, an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist, Sojourner Truth. She was a powerful advocate for both the abolition of slavery and women's rights in the 19th century.

A program of land redevelopment often used to address urban decay in cities
Urban renewal
A program of land redevelopment often used to address urban decay in cities urban renewal. Urban renewal is the process where old or run-down urban areas are revitalized, often involving the demolition of outdated buildings and the construction of new infrastructure and housing.