Ancient Middle East and Egypt 3200BC-500BC
History

A pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty, noted for abandoning traditional Egyptian polytheism
Akhenaton
A pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty, noted for abandoning traditional Egyptian polytheism. Akhenaton. Akhenaton was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh known for promoting the worship of a single god, Aten, marking a significant shift away from Egypt's traditional polytheistic beliefs.

A set of letters that represent the phonemes of spoken language used for its written form
Alphabet
A set of letters that represent the phonemes of spoken language used for its written form. Alphabet. The alphabet is a system of symbols used by ancient civilizations like the Phoenicians to represent sounds in their language for writing and communication.

A system of exchange where goods or services are exchanged for other goods or services
Barter economy
A system of exchange where goods or services are exchanged for other goods or services. Barter economy. In history, a barter economy was used before money existed, where people directly traded items they needed.

An organizational structure with the task of implementing the decisions and policies of its governing body
Bureaucracy
An organizational structure with the task of implementing the decisions and policies of its governing body. Bureaucracy. In history, bureaucracy refers to a system of government where state officials, not elected representatives, manage policies and procedures.

A region in the Middle East, called the "cradle of civilization"
Fertile Crescent
A region in the Middle East, called the "cradle of civilization". Fertile Crescent. It is a historically rich area where early human civilizations like Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt developed due to fertile land and abundant water sources.

An arrangement of units into related levels of different weights or ranks
Hierarchy
An arrangement of units into related levels of different weights or ranks. Hierarchy. In history, hierarchy refers to the way societies are organized into levels of power, status, or authority, like kings, nobles, and peasants.

A historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system
Mesopotamia
A historical region of Western Asia situated within the TigrisEuphrates river system. Mesopotamia. It is often called the "Cradle of Civilization" because it is where some of the earliest human civilizations, like Sumer and Babylon, began.

The fourth king of the Second Dynasty of Isin and Fourth Dynasty of Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar
The fourth king of the Second Dynasty of Isin and Fourth Dynasty of Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar. Nebuchadnezzar was an ancient Babylonian king known for his construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Babylonian exile of the Jews.

The delta was a major constituent of Lower Egypt
Nile Delta
The delta was a major constituent of Lower Egypt. Nile Delta. The Nile Delta is a fertile area where the River Nile spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea, playing a crucial role in the development of ancient Egyptian civilization.

The god of fertility, agriculture, the afterlife, resurrection and life in ancient Egyptian religion
Osiris
The god of fertility, agriculture, the afterlife, resurrection and life in ancient Egyptian religion. Osiris. Osiris is an ancient Egyptian god who ruled over the afterlife and was associated with rebirth and regeneration.

A granodiorite stele which is inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in Egypt
Rosetta Stone
A granodiorite stele which is inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in Egypt. Rosetta Stone. The Rosetta Stone is an ancient artifact that helped scholars understand Egyptian hieroglyphs because it has the same text in three different scripts.