Revolution and Expansion
History

A form of government that places strength in the hands of a privileged ruling class
Aristocracy
A form of government that places strength in the hands of a privileged ruling class. Aristocracy. In history, aristocracy is a system where power is held by a small, elite group of noble families or individuals.

A member of Chinese secret society known for having triggered the Boxer Rebellion
Boxer
A member of Chinese secret society known for having triggered the Boxer Rebellion. Boxer. The Boxers were a Chinese secret society that led a violent uprising against foreign influence and Christianity in China around 1900.

The transition from hand production methods to machines
Industrial Revolution
The transition from hand production methods to machines. Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was a period when society shifted from manual labor and agriculture-based economies to industrial and machine-driven production.

A leader of the southern and central parts of South America's war of independence
Jose de San Martin
A leader of the southern and central parts of South America's war of independence. Jose de San Martin. He was a key military leader who helped South American countries gain independence from Spanish rule.

An organization of workers who join together to negotiate pay, working conditions etc.
Labor union
An organization of workers who join together to negotiate pay, working conditions, etc. is called a labor union. Labor unions are groups formed by workers to gain better rights and conditions through collective bargaining.

A region of the South America, Central America, Mexico, and Caribbean
Latin America
A region of the South America, Central America, Mexico, and Caribbean. Latin America. Latin America is a group of countries in the Americas where Romance languages, like Spanish and Portuguese, are primarily spoken, shaped by a history of colonization.

An event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan
Meiji Restoration
An event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan Meiji Restoration. The Meiji Restoration was a period in Japanese history when the emperor regained power from the shogun, leading to major political, social, and economic changes.

A class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy
Middle class
A class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy. Middle class. Historically, the middle class consists of people like merchants and professionals who have moderate wealth and influence, emerging prominently during the Industrial Revolution.

An ideology that promotes the interests of a nation with the aim of gaining and maintaining sovereignty over its homeland
Nationalism
An ideology that promotes the interests of a nation with the aim of gaining and maintaining sovereignty over its homeland. Nationalism. In history, nationalism is the belief in and support for the interests and culture of one's nation, often leading to the desire for independence or increased political power.

Characterized by social ownership of the means of production and worker self-management
Socialism
Characterized by social ownership of the means of production and worker self-management. Socialism. In history, socialism is a system where the government or community as a whole owns and controls production and resources, aiming for equal wealth distribution.

An area or region over which a state has cultural, economic, military or political influence
Sphere of influence
An area or region over which a state has cultural, economic, military or political influence. Sphere of influence. In history, a sphere of influence is a region where a powerful country affects developments or controls outcomes without having direct authority over the area.

People engaged in waged or salaried labour such as factory workers or manual laborers
Working class
People engaged in waged or salaried labour such as factory workers or manual laborers. working class. The working class is a group of people in society who perform jobs in exchange for wages, historically seen during the Industrial Revolution when factories needed many workers.