Technology and Expansion
History

A Spanish priest and writer who condemned the treatment of Indians in the Spanish empire
Bartolome de las Casas
A Spanish priest and writer who condemned the treatment of Indians in the Spanish empire. Bartolome de las Casas. He was a historical figure who spoke out against the mistreatment of indigenous people by Spanish colonizers.

The knights, soldiers and explorers of the Spanish and the Portuguese Empire
Conquistador
The knights, soldiers and explorers of the Spanish and the Portuguese Empire. Conquistador. A conquistador was a Spanish or Portuguese explorer and warrior who claimed large parts of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.

A machine that separates cotton fibers from their seeds
Cotton gin
A machine that separates cotton fibers from their seeds. Cotton gin. The cotton gin is a device invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 that revolutionized the cotton industry by greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fibers.

Ethnic groups which originated from mixing between European with non-European peoples
Creole
Ethnic groups which originated from mixing between European with non-European peoples. Creole. Creole refers to communities that emerged from the blending of European, African, and Indigenous cultures, often as a result of colonialism and the Atlantic slave trade.

An Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, considered the father of modern science
Galileo
An Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, considered the father of modern science. Galileo revolutionized our understanding of the universe by championing heliocentrism, which means the Earth revolves around the Sun.

The astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun
Heliocentric
The astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun. Heliocentric. In history, heliocentric refers to the revolutionary idea by Copernicus that placed the Sun, not the Earth, at the center of our solar system.

An English physicist, mathematician and astronomer, one of the most influential scientists of all time
Isaac Newton
An English physicist, mathematician, and astronomer, one of the most influential scientists of all time. Isaac Newton. He formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, laying the foundation for classical mechanics.

A geopolitical border, often agreed upon as part of an armistice or ceasefire
Line of Demarcation
A geopolitical border, often agreed upon as part of an armistice or ceasefire. Line of Demarcation. In history, a line of demarcation is a boundary set between two territories, like the one established by the Treaty of Tordesillas separating Spanish and Portuguese lands in the New World.

The triangular trade in which millions of Africans were forcibly transported to the New World
Middle Passage
The triangular trade in which millions of Africans were forcibly transported to the New World. Middle Passage. The Middle Passage was the horrific sea journey that transported enslaved Africans to the Americas.

A member of a religious group sent into an area to promote their faith
Missionary
A member of a religious group sent into an area to promote their faith is called a missionary. Historically, missionaries have traveled to different parts of the world to spread their religion and facilitate cultural exchanges.

The sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic Ocean
Northwest Passage
The sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic Ocean. Northwest Passage. The Northwest Passage is a historical sea route explored by Europeans seeking a shorter route from Europe to Asia.

An important African involved in the British movement for the abolition of the slave trade
Olaudah Equiano
An important African involved in the British movement for the abolition of the slave trade Olaudah Equiano. Olaudah Equiano was a former enslaved African who became a prominent activist and author, helping to end the British transatlantic slave trade.

A Dutch landholder with manorial rights to large tracts of land in North America
Patroon
A Dutch landholder with manorial rights to large tracts of land in North America. Patroon. In early American history, a patroon was a landowner in the Dutch colonies who had manorial rights and controlled large estates.

A settlement used to hold prisoners and use them for working in a remote location
Penal colony
A settlement used to hold prisoners and use them for working in a remote location. Penal colony. A penal colony is a place where people are sent as punishment for their crimes, often to perform hard labor, in a distant or isolated area.

A central figure in the 15th century European maritime discoveries and expansion
Prince Henry
A central figure in the 15th century European maritime discoveries and expansion, Prince Henry. Prince Henry, known as "the Navigator," sponsored explorations that led to the discovery of new lands and sea routes.

A French philosopher, scientist and mathematician, one of the founders of modern philosophy
Rene Descartes
A French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, one of the founders of modern philosophy, Rene Descartes. Rene Descartes is known for the phrase "I think, therefore I am," which laid the foundation for a new approach to philosophy and science.

Includes gathering info, testing a hypothesis, analyzing data and drawing conclusions
Scientific method
Includes gathering info, testing a hypothesis, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Scientific method. In history, the scientific method helps historians analyze evidence and understand past events logically.

A trade among three regions shaped by the influence of winds and currents during the age of sail
Triangular trade
A trade among three regions shaped by the influence of winds and currents during the age of sail. Triangular trade. It was a historical trading system where ships transported goods and enslaved people between Africa, the Americas, and Europe.