The Gilded Age 1880-1920
History

The pledge of a person's services as security for a debt or other obligation
Debt peonage
The pledge of a person's services as security for a debt or other obligation. Debt peonage. Debt peonage is a system where workers are forced to work to pay off a debt and often find it impossible to ever repay fully.

An old rule that applies to existing situations, while a new rule applies to all future cases
Grandfather clause
An old rule that applies to existing situations, while a new rule applies to all future cases. Grandfather clause. Historically, a grandfather clause was a policy used in the Southern United States to exempt certain voters from literacy tests or poll taxes if their ancestors had the right to vote before the Civil War, effectively disenfranchising African Americans.

One of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Ida B Wells
One of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Ida B. Wells. Ida B. Wells was a pioneering journalist and civil rights activist who fought against racial injustice and lynching in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Aviation pioneers credited with inventing, building and flying the world's first airplane
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Aviation pioneers credited with inventing, building and flying the world's first airplane. Orville and Wilbur Wright were the brothers who made the first powered flight in 1903, revolutionizing human transportation.

Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation as long as the facilities were equal in quality
Plessy v Ferguson
Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation as long as the facilities were equal in quality. Plessy v Ferguson. Plessy v. Ferguson was a U.S. Supreme Court case in 1896 that allowed racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine.
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A service which began in the late 19th century to deliver mail directly to rural farm families
Rural free delivery (RFD)
A service which began in the late 19th century to deliver mail directly to rural farm families rural free delivery RFD. Rural free delivery RFD was a program that brought postal mail directly to rural areas, improving communication for those living in the countryside.

Developed the largest newspaper chain and media company, Hearst Communications
William Randolph Hearst
Developed the largest newspaper chain and media company, Hearst Communications. William Randolph Hearst was a powerful newspaper publisher who significantly influenced American media in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.