The Civil War 1850-1880
History

One of the last battles of the Civil War (1861 - 65) fought in Appomattox County
Appomattox Court House
One of the last battles of the Civil War 1861 - 65 fought in Appomattox County. Appomattox Court House. It is the site where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the Civil War.

A battle between Union and Confederate forces that involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war
Battle of Gettysburg
A battle between Union and Confederate forces that involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war. Battle of Gettysburg. It was a pivotal Civil War battle in 1863, often seen as a turning point for the Union in defeating the Confederacy.

A derogatory term applied by former Confederates to any person from the Northern US, who came to Southern states
Carpetbagger
A derogatory term applied by former Confederates to any person from the Northern US, who came to Southern states. Carpetbagger. In history, a carpetbagger was a Northerner who moved to the South after the Civil War, often perceived as exploiting the region during the Reconstruction era.

An unrecognized republic in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865
Confederacy
An unrecognized republic in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865. Confederacy. The Confederacy was a group of Southern states that seceded from the United States to maintain slavery, leading to the American Civil War.

An enslaved African American who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom
Dred Scott
An enslaved African American who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom, Dred Scott. Dred Scott was a man who went to the U.S. Supreme Court to try to gain his freedom, but the court ruled that African Americans could not be citizens.

An effort to procure economic and social rights, political rights or equality
Emancipation
An effort to procure economic and social rights, political rights or equality. Emancipation. Emancipation is the process of being freed from legal, social, or political restrictions, like when slaves were freed in the 19th century.

A presidential proclamation changing the status of enslaved African Americans from slave to free
Emancipation Proclamation
A presidential proclamation changing the status of enslaved African Americans from slave to free. Emancipation Proclamation. It was an order issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 that declared the freedom of all enslaved people in Confederate states.

Prohibits the government from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race or color
Fifteenth Amendment
Prohibits the government from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race or color. Fifteenth Amendment. The Fifteenth Amendment ensures that all citizens, regardless of race, have the right to vote.

Addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law
Fourteenth Amendment
Addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law. Fourteenth Amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment, adopted in 1868, ensures that all people born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens and have equal protection under the law.

An agency of the US that helped freedmen (former slaves) after the Civil War
Freedmens Bureau
An agency of the US that helped freedmen former slaves after the Civil War. Freedmen's Bureau. It was a government organization established to provide assistance, like education and housing, to former slaves and poor whites in the South after the Civil War.

The speech that President Lincoln gave at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery
Gettysburg Address
The speech that President Lincoln gave at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery. Gettysburg Address. The Gettysburg Address is a famous speech by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War that emphasized the principles of human equality and the importance of preserving the Union.

A tax imposed on individuals or entities that varies with income or profits
Income tax
A tax imposed on individuals or entities that varies with income or profits. Income tax. Historically, income tax is a financial charge imposed by governments based on earnings to fund public services and infrastructure.

A white supremacist hate group, whose primary target was African Americans
Ku Klux Klan
A white supremacist hate group, whose primary target was African Americans. Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Klan is a racist organization in the United States that promotes white supremacy and has a history of violence against minority groups, especially African Americans.

The authority of a government is created and sustained by its people through elected representatives
Popular sovereignty
The authority of a government is created and sustained by its people through elected representatives. Popular sovereignty. In History, popular sovereignty means that the power of the government comes from the consent of the governed, allowing people to vote and have a say in their leadership and laws.

Was a faction of Republicans with the goal of complete and permanent eradication of slavery
Radical Republicans
Was a faction of Republicans with the goal of complete and permanent eradication of slavery. Radical Republicans. Radical Republicans were a group during the American Civil War and Reconstruction era that strongly advocated for the abolition of slavery and equal rights for freed slaves.

Where a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops
Sharecropping
Where a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops. Sharecropping. In history, sharecropping was a system where farmers, often freed slaves, worked a portion of a landowner's land in exchange for a share of the harvested crops.

A network of secret routes used by enslaved African-Americans to escape into free states
Underground Railroad
A network of secret routes used by enslaved African-Americans to escape into free states. Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was a covert operation that helped enslaved people flee to freedom in the North before the Civil War.

An opponent of the spread of slavery in the years leading up to the Civil War
William Seward
An opponent of the spread of slavery in the years leading up to the Civil War. William Seward. He was a prominent American politician who served as Secretary of State and was a key figure in the anti-slavery movement.