Mixtures and Solutions
Science

The increase in boiling point caused by a solute that is dissolved in a solvent
Boiling point elevation
The increase in boiling point caused by a solute that is dissolved in a solvent. Boiling point elevation. Boiling point elevation is when adding a solute to a liquid makes it boil at a higher temperature than usual.

The random movement of particles in a colloid caused by collisions between the particles
Brownian motion
The random movement of particles in a colloid caused by collisions between the particles. Brownian motion. Brownian motion is the jittery movement of tiny particles in a fluid, caused by collisions with molecules in the liquid or gas.

A property of a solution that depends on the concentration of the solute, not its identity
Colligative property
A property of a solution that depends on the concentration of the solute, not its identity. Colligative property. Colligative properties are changes in a solution that happen because of how much stuff is dissolved in it, like lowering the freezing point or raising the boiling point.

A process by which molecules or ionic compounds split into smaller particles
Dissociation
A process by which molecules or ionic compounds split into smaller particles. Dissociation. In simple terms, dissociation is when a compound breaks apart into smaller pieces, like how salt separates into ions in water.

The difference in temperature between a solution's freezing point and the freezing point of its pure solvent
Freezing point depression
The difference in temperature between a solution's freezing point and the freezing point of its pure solvent. Freezing point depression. Freezing point depression is when adding a substance to a solvent lowers the temperature at which the liquid freezes.

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid, at constant temperature
Henrys law
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid, at constant temperature. Henry's law. Henry's law means that if you increase the pressure of a gas above a liquid, more of that gas will dissolve into the liquid.

A fraction equal to the number of moles of a component, divided by the total number of moles in a solution
Mole fraction
A fraction equal to the number of moles of a component, divided by the total number of moles in a solution. Mole fraction. It is a way to express the concentration of a specific component in a mixture or solution.

A substance that does not form ions in water, and cannot conduct electricity
Nonelectrolyte
A substance that does not form ions in water, and cannot conduct electricity. Nonelectrolyte. A nonelectrolyte is a substance that dissolves in water without separating into ions, so it doesn't conduct electricity.

The pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent osmotic movement across a semipermeable membrane
Osmotic pressure
The pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent osmotic movement across a semipermeable membrane. Osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is the force needed to stop water from moving through a membrane to balance concentration.

A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature
Saturated solution
A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature. Saturated solution. A saturated solution is when a liquid has dissolved as much of a substance as it can hold at a specific temperature.

A compound that can completely dissociate into its ions when dissolved in water
Strong electrolyte
A compound that can completely dissociate into its ions when dissolved in water. Strong electrolyte. A strong electrolyte is a substance that fully separates into ions in water, conducting electricity very well.

A solution with more dissolved solute at a given temperature, than a saturated solution
Supersaturated solution
A solution with more dissolved solute at a given temperature, than a saturated solution. Supersaturated solution. In simple terms, a supersaturated solution contains more dissolved material than it would under normal circumstances, making it unstable.

A mixture in which the solid particles are large enough to be seen
Suspension
A mixture in which the solid particles are large enough to be seen. Suspension. In science, a suspension is a mixture where small solid particles are spread throughout a liquid but are not dissolved, making the liquid look cloudy.

Is an electrolyte that does not completely dissociate (split into ions) in aqueous solution
Weak electrolyte
Is an electrolyte that does not completely dissociate split into ions in aqueous solution. Weak electrolyte. A weak electrolyte is a substance that only partially breaks into ions when dissolved in water.