Loudness

Real World Example

Imagine trying to hear someone’s voice at a crowded party where everyone is talking at once. Just like you have to focus and strain to discern your friend's voice over the noisy background, our ears perceive the loudness of a sound based on how much it stands out from other surrounding noises. In both cases, the ability to perceive sound or conversation relies on the intensity and clarity of the signal amidst competing sounds, much like how loudness is determined by the amplitude and frequency of a sound wave compared to other background noises.