The Age of Jackson 1830-1840

A band leader and warrior of the Sauk Native American tribe, Black Hawk. Black Hawk was a Native American leader known for his role in resisting U.S. expansion during the Black Hawk War of 1832.

A federal agency responsible for government's relationship with Native Americans. Bureau of Indian Affairs. It manages Native American lands, resources, and affairs to uphold treaty obligations and promote economic development.

A lawyer who represented Massachusetts and New Hampshire in the US Congress, Daniel Webster. Daniel Webster was a prominent 19th-century American statesman known for his skills in oratory and his role in shaping American politics.

A political party founded by supporters of Andrew Jackson. Democratic Party. The Democratic Party is one of the two major political parties in the United States, traditionally supporting ideas like social equality and welfare programs.

A law that forced Native Americans to move to land west of the Mississippi River. Indian Removal Act. The Indian Removal Act was a U.S. law passed in 1830 that led to the forced relocation of Native American tribes to areas west of the Mississippi River.

A land set aside within the United States for the use of Native Americans. Indian Territory. Indian Territory was a region designated by the U.S. government where Native American tribes were forcibly relocated in the 19th century.

A political philosophy in the US that expanded suffrage to most white men over the age of 21. Jacksonian democracy. It promoted greater democracy by advocating for the rights and power of the "common man" during the 19th century.

The seventh vice president of the US 1825 - 1832, known for defending slavery, was John C. Calhoun. John C. Calhoun was an influential American politician who strongly supported states' rights and the institution of slavery.

A term used by opponents of the Andrew Jackson to describe his ginger group Kitchen Cabinet. The Kitchen Cabinet refers to President Andrew Jackson's informal group of advisors who he consulted alongside the official government-appointed Cabinet.

The eighth president of the United States 1837 - 1841. Martin Van Buren. He was a key political figure in the formation of the Democratic Party.

A Supreme Court decision that defined the scope of the US Congress's legislative power. McCulloch v Maryland. This 1819 case established that the federal government has implied powers beyond those explicitly listed in the Constitution and that states cannot tax federal institutions.

A convention held every four years for fielding nominees in the US presidential election. Nominating conventions are meetings where political parties select their candidates for president.

A political crisis, which involved a confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government. Nullification crisis. The nullification crisis was a conflict in the early 1830s where South Carolina tried to reject federal tariffs they deemed unconstitutional.

A leader of the Seminole resistance to removal of the tribe from their lands, Osceola. Osceola was a Native American leader who fought against U.S. efforts to relocate the Seminole people in the 1830s.

A financial crisis in the US that touched off a major depression. Panic of 1837. The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis sparked by bank failures and poor economic policies, leading to a severe economic depression in the United States.

A Cherokee polymath who invented a syllabary for his people. Sequoyah. Sequoyah was a Cherokee leader who created a writing system that transformed literacy among the Cherokee people.

A practice in which a political party gives government civil service jobs to its supporters. Spoils system. The spoils system is when winning political parties reward their supporters with government jobs.

A political powers are held for the state governments rather than the federal government. States rights. In U.S. history, "states' rights" refers to the idea that individual states have certain powers and responsibilities separate from the federal government, as outlined in the Constitution.

A very high protective tariff, which hurt both industry and farming. Tariff of Abominations. The Tariff of Abominations was a 1828 U.S. law that imposed high taxes on imports, leading to economic difficulties in the South.

A series of forced relocations of Native Americans in the US. Trail of Tears. The Trail of Tears was the forced removal and migration of Native American tribes, notably the Cherokee, from their ancestral lands to designated Indian Territory, causing much suffering and death.

One of the two major parties in the United States in the middle of the 19th century. Whig Party. The Whig Party was a political group that opposed Andrew Jackson and supported economic modernization and internal improvements.

A military officer who served as the ninth president of the United States for 31 days. William Henry Harrison. He was the first U.S. president to die in office, serving the shortest term in American history.

A case in which the Supreme Court held that Indians were entitled to federal protection. Worcester v. Georgia. This 1832 Supreme Court decision ruled that states could not impose laws on Native American lands, affirming their sovereignty.